THE PREVALENCE OF FASCIOLLASIS IN SAUDI ARABIA
M.Magzoub and A.A.Kasim, Trop. Anim. Hlth prod.(1978) 10, 205-206
Fascioliasis presents a hazard to domestic animals in many parts of the worid. The studies reported here were designed to investigate for the firme, the prevalence Of this disease in dometic anials in the different regions of Saudi Arabia.
The survey covered abattoirs in those areas which have a high animal and human Population-the rest of the country is very sparsely populated .thus in the northern Region the survey took piace at tabuk, hayil and madena; in the southern region at
Gizan, nagran and abha; in the central region at riyad the national capital, brayda And eneiza; in the eastern region at dammam, Dhahran, khobar and hafuf; and in The western region at mecca, geddah and tayif.
At each visit to an adattoir the liver of each animal in the abattoir was carefully Dissected and examined for the presence of fasciola within l h of slaughter. Speci Mens were stained and mountef for morphological studies. The results are recorded in tables I and II. Both fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica were found in all the regions surveyed.
The higher incidence of fascioliasis in cattle and camels in the eastern region is Probably because rainfall is higher and irrigation schemes are more developed in that Area, so that habitats for the intermediate snail hosts are more plentiful. The survey showed that the prevalence of fascioliasis in imported animals is Usually higher than in animals reared in Saudi Arabia.
We wouid like to express our gratitude to the dean of the faculty of science for His encouragement. We also thank S. Shibair, M. A. Alauir, A. E. Agl and A. A. Nagger for technical help. Our thanks are also due to Dr C. A. Wright of the british Museum for confirmation of the fasciola species, and to the veterinary officers at the Abattoirs for their assistance.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH OF FRESHWATER SNAILS IN SAUDI ARABIA
M. Magzoub, A.A. Kasim and Y.R. Shawa, J. Fac. Sci., Riyad Univ., Vol. 10, pp. 97-116 (1979)
Comparative studies on Lymnaea auricularia, biomphalaria Arabica and physa acuta snails, as intermediate hosts for fasciola and schistosomes, were accomplished. The specimens were collected from the eastern, central and southern regions of
soil-substrare stimulates hatching of snails. Egg-laying activities by snails exposed to strong and continuous light intensity, was inhibited. L. auriculara snails reached maturity, after 105 deys, B. Arabica after 84 days and P. acuta after 56 dys. At maturity, the shell length of L. auriculara was 7.5mm and its weight 43mg; the shell length of B Arabica was 6mm and its weight 49mg; the length of P. acuta shell was 5.1mm and its weight 20mg. L.auricularia snails, living in crowd, showed tremendous reduction in their rate of growth and reproduction
أجريت دراسات مقارنة على قواقع ليمنيا اوريكيولاريا وبيومفالاريا اربيكا وفايزا اكيوتا كعوائل وسطى للدودة الكبدية وديدان البلهارسيا.وقد أجريت هذه الدراسات المعملية على قواقع المنطقة الشرقية والوسطى والجنوبية للمملكة. وجد أن عناصر معينة في التربة تعمل على تنشيط إفقاس القواقع للضوء القوي المستمر.أظهرت التجارب أن قواقع ليمنيا تصل إلى الطور البالغ بعد 105 يوماً وقواقع بيومفالاريا بعد 84 يوما وقواقع فايزا
56 يوما. وعند الطور البالغ , وجد ان طول صدفة الليمنيا 7,5مم ووزنها 43ملليجرام وطول صدفة بيومفالاريا 6مم ووزنها 49 ملليجرام وطول صدفة فايزا 5,1 مم ووزنها 20 ملليجرام .والجدير بالذكر أن تواجد القواقع بكميات كبيرة مع بعضها البعض له اثر عكسي على النمو والإخصاب..
A NEW CESTODE SPECIES OF THE GENUS Oochoristica LIIHE, 1898 AND A NEW NEMATODE SPECIES OF A NEW GENUS Parathelandros FROM DABB-LIZARD, Uromastyx aegyptia
M. Magzoub, A. A. Kasim and Y. Shawa, j. coll. Sci., univ. Riyadh, vol. 11, pp. 111-118 (1980)
Oochoristica najdei sp. N., parathelandros gen. n. and parathelandros Kanistica sp. N. were described from dabb-lizard, uromastyx aegyptia Which is popular in Arabia for its delicious meat. A total of 11 animals Were killed and examined for the presence of worms. The size of worms,
The morphology and size of scolex, the size and number of testes and Dimensions of cirrus. Pouch clearly distinguish the new cestode species From all others. The new genus, however, is distinguished from other Related gener by the arrangements of lips, size of the oesophagus, Absence of paillae, presence of caudal alae and the posterior extremity of the male.
"اوكورستكا نجدياي" نوع جديد, "بارا ثيلاندرس" جنس جديد "وبارثيلاندرس كانستكا" نوع جديد, وصفوامن الضب (يوروماستكس ايجببتيا)
المشهور بلحمه الشهي في الجزيرة العربية. ذبح إحدى عشر حيوانا وفحصت أجسامهم لوجود الديدان, حجم الديدان ومورفولوجية وحجم الرأس وحجم وعدد الخصى ومقاسات الكيس الذكري. تميز النوع الشريطي الجديد, الجنس الجديد بتنظيم الشفاة وحجم المرئ وعدم وجود الحلمات ووجود الجنيحات وشكل مؤخرة جسم الذكر.
THREE NEW SPECIES (CESTODA: DAVINEIDE) FROM THE ROCK PIGEON Columb levia Domestica WITH COMMENTS ON THE INFECTION
M. Magzoub, A.A. Kasim and Y. shawa, J. Coll. Sci., Univ. Riyadh, Vol.11, PP. 119-127 (1980)
Raillietnia canabia sp. N., r. zahratis sp. N. and cotugnia majdoubi sp. N. Were described from the ileum of the rock pigeon columba levia domest-Ca. about 35% of the collected birds. Which revealed ova and or segments In their droopings, showed clinical signs consisting mainly if general Weakness. Ruffled feathers and diarrhea. Several hundred worms wers Recorded at the rate of 25 specimens per 9 millimetres of the affected parts Of the intestine.
"ريليتينيا كانابيا" نوع جديد,"ريليتينا زهراتس" نوع جديد و"كوتقنيا مجدوباى" نوع جديد, وصفوا من اليم الحمامة الصخرية(كولمبا ليفيادومستكا).
حوالي 35% من الطيور التي جمعت , والتي وضحت من برازها بويضات وفصوص,ظهرت عليها علامات اكلينيكية تتكون من ضعف عام,وريش متصلب وإسهال. سجلت مئات من الديدان بمعدل 25 دودة في كل 9مليمترات من أجزاء الأمعاء المصابة.
SCHISTOSTOSOMIAISIS IN SAUDI ARABI
M. Magzoub And A. A. Kasim, Reprinted from Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Vol. 74, No. 5 (1980)
Both intestinal and urinary schistosomiasis occur widely in Saudi Arabia.The rte of snail infection with schistosome cercariae was highest in gizan. The intermediate host for schistosoma mansoni is biomphalaria Arabica and for S. haemobium, bulinus beccarii(and possibly physa acuta, which was recorded for the first time in the central ragion of Saudi Arabia). The examination of different types of water bodies did not show any apparent overlap between the different snail vectors of schistosoma
Saudi Arabia stands near two of the major world schistosomiasis areas, the valleys of The nile and of the tigris /Euphrates. Vector snails have been recorded from both areas over many years (ruffer, 1910; abdel azim et al., 1956; zakaria, 1959; alio, 1961). The present for schistosomiasis in Saudi Arabia was undertaken in order to provide infor-mation for an overall assessment of the current status of the investigation, from January 1977 to December 1978, was intended to supply essential base-line data, including an examination of water-sources in several areas for the presence of infective snail hosts and an estimation of the schistosomiasis prevalence rates among people in these reas.
MORPHOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE ALMENTARY TRACT OF CHALCIDES LEVITONI (reptilian, scincide)
N. T. El-Taib, B. Jarrar& M. H. El-Ghandour, Bangladesh J. Zool. 10(1):1982
The alimentary tract of chalcides levioti consists of an oesophagus, astomach (cardic and pyloric divisions), a small intestine (duodenum and ileum) and a large intestine (caecum, colon and rectum). An ileo-caecal valve separates the small intestine from the large intestine and their respective leng-ths are in the ratio of 12:5. ciliated and secretory cells line the oesophagus.the oesophagus is without oesophageal glands. The epithelial lining of the stomach is of simple, columnar cells. The stomach glands are all tubular, being simple and unbranched in the cardiac division, while the pyloric glands are branched and coiled. The small intestine has an absorptive epithelium comp-osed cf striated columnar cells with scattered goblet cells. The large intes-tine is lined by columnar and goblet cells.
SOIL MITE AND COLLEMBOLFROM AL-QASIM PROVINCE, SAUDI ARABIA
Bayoumi M. Bayoumi and Mohammed S. Al-Khalifa, Arab Gulf J. scient. Res. 1(1), pp.179-186 (1983)
A qualitative faunal analysis of soil mites and collembolan, collected From several biotopes at Al-Qasim province, was carried out.Among the identified specimens, eleven species of soil mites and two col-lembolan ones are reported for the first time to exist in Saudi Arabia. A sys-tematic list is submitted, which contains zoogeographical and distributional data for the species included.
Mites are more abundant than collembolan both in number of species and col-lected specimens. Cryptotigmtid mites are by far the major faunal elements in all examined samples.
يشمل هذا البحث دراسة نوعية لمختلف مجموعات أكاروسات التربة ذوات الذنب القافز (الكولمبولا) في عدة بيئات بمنطقة القصيم . وقد تم تسجيل أحد عشر نوعا من أكاروسات التربة بالإضافة إلى نوعين من الكولمبولا وذلك لأول مرة بالمملكة.وهذا وقد أدرجت في هذا البحث قائمة تصنيفية ملحقة بمعلومات عن التوزيع الجغرافي للأنواع المختلفة بها . ولوحظ أن أكاروسات مجموعة الحلم الخنفسي(الكريبتوستيجماتا)فاقت بكثير أنواع الأكاروسات الأخرى في جميع العينات التي تم فحصها.
AMOEBIAIS IN SAUDI ARABIA
M. A. Elhelu and A. A. Kasim
NEW RECORDS OF SOIL ACARINA AND COLLEMBOLA IN RIYABH REGION
Mohamed S. Al-Khalifa and Bayoumi M. Bayoumi, J. Coll. Sci. K. S. Uni., 14(1),pp. 57-61 (1983)
A taxonomic list of soil mites and collembolan, extracted from soils of different vegetation covers in Riyadh region, is given. Among the identified specimens thirty-two mite species and three collembolan ones are repoeted to exist in Saudi Arabia for the first time.
يشمل هذا البحث تسجيلات جديدة لحلم التربة(الأكاروسات) وذوات الذنب القافز (الكولمبولا ) في عدة بيئات مختلفة في منظقة الرياض . وقد تم تسجيل اثنين وثلاثين نوعا من الحلم بالأضافة الى ثلاثة انواع من ذوات الذنب القافر لاول مرة بالمملكة.
Parasites in the Blood of Arabian frogs (Rana ridibunda)
A. A. Kasim, M. Magzoub and Y. Al-Shawa, J. Coll. Sci., King Saud Univ., 14 (2), PP. 353-364 (1983)
Five species of trypanosomes were seen in 15(30%) of 50 rana ridibunda; four of them were found to be indistinguishable morphologically, namely, t. primeti, t. mega, t. ratatorium and t. karyozeukton. The fifth, try-panosoma sp., however, has been described in the present report for the first time.
Haemogregarine sp. Was encountered in 20(40%) of 50 of 50 rana ridibunda, parasitemias were moderate with the exception of 5 frogs, in which the infections varied from 2 to 12 parasites per 102 erythrocytes. The parasitized cells were distended and only slightly wider than normal; the mor-phology of the mature gametocyte renders haemogregarine parasite distinct from other Haemogregarines. Consequently, it was found extremely difficult, at present, to identify Haemogregarine to the species level. The parasite, therefore, is reported in this communication as Haemogregarine sp.
في هذا البحث تم اكتشاف خمسة انواع من طفيل التريبانوسوما في خمسة عشر من بين خمسين ضفدعة رانا ريديبندا بنسبة 30% وهذه الأنواع هي: تريبانوسوما بريميني , تريبانوسوما مجا , تريبانوسوما روتاتوريوم وتريبانوسوما كاريوز يوكتن.
اما النوع الخامس فهو نوع جديد من جنس تريبانوسوما . كذلك سجل في هذا البحث نوع من الهيموجريجارين الجديد في عشرين لكل خمسين رانا ريديبندا بنسبة 40%
A CHECKLIST OF TICKS (IXODOIDEA) INFESTING LOCAL FARM ANIMALS IN SAUDIA ARABIA. I. TICKS OF AL-QASIM REGION
M. S. Al-Khalifa, F.M. DIAB AND N. A. S. Al-Asgah, J. Coll. Sci., King Saud Univ., 14 (2), PP. 335-339 (1983)
A survey of the local camels, cattle, sheep and goats was undertaken in five towns in Al-Qasim region, Saudi Arabia, to determine their tick fauna. Only camels and cattle yielded ticks; camels harboured 1889 adult ticks and cattle 57 adults. The adult ticks belonged to six species in genus hyalomma.
Hyalomma. Anatolicum excavatum, Hyalomma schulzei and Hyalomma mar-ginatum turanicum were reported for the first time from Saudi Arabia. The present investigation will definitely help in recording ticks indigenous to Saudi Arabia.
لقد تم في هذا البحث فحص حيوانات المزارع المحلية من جمال وأبقار وخراف وماعز في خمس مدن رئيسية في منطقة القصيم بالمملكة العربية السعودية وذلك للتعرف على مجموعة القراديات التي تتطفل عليها . ولقد وجد ان الجمال والأبقار هي الحيوانات المصابة إذ جمع 1889 عينة قراد من الجمال و57 عينة قراد من الأبقار. وتمثل هذه العينات أنواعا تابعة لجنس هيا لوما. وجدير بالذكر انه قد تم تسجيل ثلاثة أنواع من القراد لأول مرة في المملكة العربية السعودية وهي: H. Anatolicum excavatum; H. Sschulzei and H. Marginatum turanicum
DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL MITES AND COLLEMBOLANS UNDER PINE TREES IN RIYADH REGION, SAUDI ARABIA
M. S. Al-Khalifa and B. M. Bayoumi, ACTA ARACHNOL. 32: 27-36, 1983
The seasonal and vertical distribution of soil mites and collembolans under pine trees in four sites of different soil at Riyadh region were investigated. A total of 40 species of Acari and 6 Species of Collembola have been identified. Seasonal and vertical differences in population density in the four sites were discussed.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE HISTOCHMISTRY OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL OF CHALCIDES LEVITONI (REQTILIA, SCINCIDAE)
N. T. Taib and B. Jarrar, Arab Gulf J. scient. Res. 1(1), pp.187-202 (1983)
Abstract. The distribution of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins including en-zymes in the alimentary canal of chalcides levitoni are described. Both neutral and acidic mucosubstances are identified in the epithelial cells. Neutral muco-substances are most evident in the stomach and mucosubstances are more abundant in the intestine. Sulfomucins as well as sialomucinsshow different patterns of distribution. The present investigation shows that the principal digestive enzymes: acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, non-specific ester-ases, aminopeptidases, endopeptidases, trypsin-like enzyme, beta-galactosidase and beta-galactosidase are revealed histochemically. Lipases and alpha-glucosidase do not appear to be produced anyhere in the alimentary tract epithelium.
يدرس البحث توزيع انتشار المواد الكربوهيدراتية والدهنية والبروتينية بالإضافة إلى الإنزيمات الهاضمة في القناة الهضمية للسحلية كالسيدس ليقيتوني.
وجد أن الخلايا الطلائية تحتوي على كلا النوعين من المواد المخاطية الحمضية والمتعادلة, كما وجد ان المواد المخاطية الحمضية أكثر وجودا في الأمعاء,بينما المتعادلة منها اكثر وجودا في المعدة.معظم الإنزيمات الهاضمة الرئيسية وجدت في طلائية القناة الهضمية بشكل متفاوت وتوزيع مختلف. وبعض الإنزيمات,مثل الليباز وانزيم المالتاز,لم تظهر في أي جزء من أجزاء القناة الهضمية.
GIARDIASIS IN SAUDI ARABI
A. Kaim, M. A. Elhelu1, Acta Tropica 40, 155-158 (1983)
A laboratory survey for Giardia lamblia (G.intestinalis) was conducted in five regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the months of January through December 1980. Stool sample of 53,306 individuals from the northern, south-ern, eastern, western and zinc sulphate concentration methods. Five thousand two hundred seventy one (9.9%) stools were positive for G. lamblia. The prevalence of infec-tion was higher in males (64%) than in females (36%). Mostly 5 to 13-year-old children were infected.
MORPHOIOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL OF MAUREMYS CASPICA (Reptilia, Emydidae)
N. T. El-TAIB & B. JARRAR, Ind. J. zool. Vol. 11 No. 1, (1983)
Mauremys caspica is one of only two freshwater turtles to be found in Saudi Arabia. It is common in irrigation ditches in the northeast of the Arabian peninsula and in different districts of Arab gulf countries (Loveridge, 1955; Scott, 1981) .
Although several authors worked out the gross anatomy of the alimentary canal of various turtle species (Nussbaum, 1882; Clay pole, 1897; Ashley, 1955; Harrison, 1964), yet the histology of the alimentary canal of these animals has not been given much attention. Most of the available knowledge deals with some aspects of the alimentary tract of turtle (Middeldorph, 1846; Mach ate, 1879; Sacchi, 1886; Ballmer, 1949; Wright et al., 1957; Kent, 1973; Suganuma, et al., 1981). Only few workers have carried out a complete histological study of the whole alimentary canal in one species of turtles (Hoffman, 1890; Oppel, 1897 Ali, 1972). The present study is an attempt to throw some light on the morphology and histology of the alimentary tract of mauremys caspica, in oeder to provide a basis for further comparative studies of the vertebrate gut.
MORPHOIOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL OF JRBOA JACULUS JCULUS L (DIPODIDE RODENTIA)
N. T. El-TAIB, N. A. Al-ASGAH, AND B. M. JARRAR, Ind. J. zool. Vol. 11 No. 2, (1983)
The jerboa, jaculus jaculus L. is a rodent belonging to the subfamily Dipodinae of the family Dipodidae and has a wide Distribution in Asia, Africa and the America (Hoogstreal, 1963; Anderson and jones, 1967). In the middle east it is abundantly found in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, yemen, Bahrain, lraq and Syria (Harrison, 1964; Eissa et al., 1975; Gasperetti, 1981).
Although the histological structure of the alimentary canal of several species of rodents has been studied, no study has o far been undertaken on the morphology or histology of the alimentary canal of the jerboa, jaculus jaculus L. The present study is an attempt to fill this gap.
Zoology (1984-85)
CESTODES IN CAMELS (Camelus dromedarius) IN SAUDI ARABIA
A. Kasim and Y. R. Al-Shawa, J. Coll. Sci., King Saud Univ., 15 (1), PP. 133-139 (1984)
During our investigation of the incidence of cestode parasites in camel camelus dromedaries in SAUDI ARABIA, a total of two hundred and fifty camels were autopsied and examined closely at Riyadh city abattoir.
Three cestode species parasitizing camels were recorded for the first time in SAUDI ARABIA: Moniezia expansa, Avitellina centripunctata, and stilesia vittata.
اظهرت نتائج الدراسات التي اجريناها على جمال المملكة العربية السعودية وذلك من خلال الفحص المتكرر والدقيق لامعاء 250 من هذه الجمال لمعرفة نوع ونسبة اصابة الديدان الشريطية.وقد وجد ان هناك ثلاثة انواع من هذه الديدان وهي :
- مونيزيا اكسبانسا 10%
- افيتللانيا سنتريبنكتاتا 20%
- ستيليشيافيتاتا 28%
DETECTION OF TRYPANOSOMA EVANSI IN THE ARABIAN CAMEL
A. Kaim, J. Coll. Sci., King Saud Univ., 15 (2), PP. 423-427 (1984)
Trypanosoma evansi was detected in eight of four hundred Arabian camels in the Riyadh area. Although this organism is known to parasitize the camel s as well as other mammals, this communication is aimed at recording for the first time, the occurrence of T. evansi in SAUDI ARABIA. Up to the present time, no such record in the literature has been cited.
During this work, several adult Hyalomma anatolicum were taken off the camels that were examined for trypanosomiasis. Ticks removed from camels infected with T. evansi were found to harbor the flagellates.
لقد اكتشف التريبانوسوما ايفانساي في ثمان من كل من أربعمائة جمل عربي في منطقة الرياض وهذا الكائن معروف عنه بالتطفل على الجمل وكذلك الثدييات الأخرى ز وهذه هي أول مرة يكتشف فيها وجود التريبانوسوما ايفانساي في جمال المملكة العربية السعودية , وقد وجد أن القراد هايلوما اناتوليكام من الجمال المفحوصة معدي بهذا الطفيل.
CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CERTAIN DESERT MAMMALS OF SAUDI ARABIA. 1. THE KARYOTYPE OF JACULUS
A. Al-Saheh end Mohammad A. Khan, J. Coll. Sci., King Saud Univ., 15 (1), PP. 163-168 (1984)
The diploid chromosome number of jaculus jaculus (L) was found to be 48 and the fundamental number of autosomes FNa, 92. the autosomes have been classified into three groups. The first group consists of one pair of a very large submetacentric chromosome designated as number 1. the second group included two pair of large submetacentric chromosome designated as 2 and 7 and the third group 20 pairs of submetacentric autosomes, 3 to 6 and 8 to 23 showing a gradual decrease in size. The sex chromosome X was metacentric and Y acrocentric.
CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CERTAIN DESERT MAMMALS
2. THE KARYOTYPE OF MERIONES LIBYCUS SYRIUS THOMAS 1919
A. Al-Saleh end Mohammad A. Khan, Arab Gulf J. science Res. 2 (2), pp. 665-672 (1984)
ABSTRACT. The diploid (2n) chromosome number of Meriones libycus syrius from Saudi Arabia is 44; the fundamental number (FN) is 78 and the fundamental number of autosomes (FNa) is 74. The autosomes consist of 11 pairs of metacentric, 5pairs of submetacentric and 5 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes> The X chromosome is the second largest metacentric and the Y is the smallest metacentric element. These findings differ from those previously published for this species.
WINTER FEEDING OF OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS (L) WITH LOCAL FEEDS IN SAUDI ARABIA
N. A. Al-Asgah and R. M. Bedawi, Proc. Saudi Biol. Soc., 7, 1984 (Qassim Sym 1984)
The effects feeding with local feed ingredients and natural food organisms (mainly plankton) at low temperatures (15-8oC) on the growth and survival of the freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus (L.) were tested in outdoor 1.0 m3 fiber-glass tanks. Fish were found to consume both types of food at 15oC, a comparatively greater amount of plankton at 12oC, mainly plankton at 10oC, and no food at 8oC. Moreover, feeding below 15oC was found to markedly deteriorate the water, significantly lower the pH (below6.5) and oxygen contents (below6.0mg/1) and reduce the growth rate and survival of the fish. For ruture use of this in aquaculture, procedures for overwintering should be developed.
ACARINA OF SAUDI ARABIA ORNTBODOROS (Alveonasus) LABORENSIS (FAM. ARGASIDAE) IN SAUDI ARABIA BIOLOGICAL, VETERINERY, AND MEDICAL IMPLICTIONS
H. Hoogstraal, H. Y. Wassef, F. M. Diab, N. A. Al-Asgah, M. S. Al-Khalifa, FAUNA OF SAUDI ARABIA 6,1984
Abstract: A third-instar nymph of Ornitbodoros (Alveonasus) laborensis takem from an indigenous goat at Al Shrayi, Makkah, provides the first evidence for the presence in SAUDI ARABIA of this widely distributed pale arctic.O.(A) laborensis has been incriminated in the epidemiology of a variety of agents causing diseases in man and livestock in Eurasia.
اثبت الحصول على الطور العذري الثالث لنوع القراد Ornitbodoros (A). laborensis لأول مرة والذي جمع من الماعز المحلي ببلدة الشرايع بمنطقة مكة المكرمة,على وجود هذا النوع بالمملكة العربية السعودية وهو طفيل واسع الانتشار بالمنطقة البليركتية,ومسؤول عن انتشار عدد من مسببات الأمراض الوبائية لكل من الإنسان وحيوانات المزرعة في آسيا الأوروبية (أوراسيا)
TREATMENT WITH PROSTAGLANDINS REDUCES THE ANTIFERTILITY EFFECT OF INDOMETHACIN IN RABBITS
Amin A. El-Banna, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Vol. 85C, No. 1, pp. 21-23, 1986
Printed in Great Britain
1- Indomethacin (Id) treatment of implantation resulted in a significant reduction in the number of viable embryos as well as a significant reduction in plasma progesterone concentrations.
2- Treatment with a mixture of prostaglandins (PGs) together with Id caused a significant increase in both the number of viable embryos and in plasma progesterone concentrations when compared to the treatment with Id alone.
3- The PG mixture used in the present study did not succeed in fully reversing the Id ant fertility effect.
COCCIDIA IN CAMELS (Camelus dromedaries) in SAUDI ARABIA1
Ahmed A. Kasim, Hussein S. Hussein, and Yaser R. Al-Shawa, J. Protozool., 32(1), 1985, pp. 202-203
SAUDI ARABIA camels (Camel us dromedaries) are infected with three species of Eimeria: E. dromedarii (28.4%), E. rajasthani (22.2%), and E. cameli (19.2%); 41.6% of the animals examined were positive. The highest prevalence of infection was reported in the western region of the country. Mixed infection with two Eimeria species is most common; E. dromedarii was most frequently and generally the most predominant species. Eimeria dromedarii and E dromedarii are described for the first time from SAUDI ARABIA camels.
COCCIDIA IN SHEEP (OVIS ARIES) IN SAUDI ARABIA
A. Kasim and Y. R. Al-Shawa, J. Coll. Sci., King Saud Univ., 16 (2), PP. 221-226 (1985)
During the course of a faecal survey of the species of coccidian occurring in domestic sheep (ovis aries) in Saudi Arabia, a total of 593 faecal samples were collected from five different fegions of the Kingdom and examined for coccidian infection. Ten different species of Eimeria were identified: E. wvina, E. weybridgensis, E. parva, E. fauri, E. crandallis, E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. ahsata, E. granulose, E. intricate, and E. pallid. 86% of animals examined were positive. Mixed infection were common where 51.5% of the animals were infected with 3-5 different species. E. ovina and E. weybridgensis occurred most frequently and generally the most predominant species. The prevalence of infection was highest in the Eastern region (93.3%) followed by the Western (90.6%), Southern (89.8%), Central (79.4%) and Northern regions (77.5%).
HISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MUCOSUBSTNCES IN THE TONGUE OF THE TERRAPIN, MAUREMYS CASPICA (GMELIN)
(REPTILIA : TESTUDINES : EMYDIDAE)
Nuri T. Taib and B. M. Jarrar, JBSR VOL. 16(2)1985
The mucosubstances produced by the tongue of the terrapin mauremys caspica were investigated histochemically. The tongue of this terrapin is devoid of the anterior and posterior lingual salivary glands. The goblet cells lining the dorsal crypts of the tongue are the sole lingual glands. Neutral mucosubstances, sialomucins as well as sulphate-containing mucins were identified in these glands.
تم بهذه الدراسة استقصاء المواد المخاطية التي يفرزها لسان السلحفاة المائية. MAUREMYS CASPICA دلت هذه الدراسة على الغياب الكامل للغدد اللعابية اللسانية الأمامية والخلفية وان الخلايا الكاسية المبطنة لخبايا سطح اللسان الظهري هي النوع الوحيد من الغدد الموجودة فيه وتحتوي إفرازاتها على المواد المخاطية المتعادلة وعلى مخينات لعابية وأخرى محتوية على مجموعات الكبريتات.
STUDES ON THE HEAD-KIDNEY OF TELEOSTS.II DISTRIBUTION OF ADRENOCORTICAL AND CHROMAFFIN TISSUES IN SOME MARINE FISHES
N. A. Al-Asgah, Arab Gulf J. science Res. 3 (1), pp. 331-354 (1985)
The morphology and histology of the endocrine tissues in the head-kidneys of 14 red sea teleost fishes were examined. Melanophore-macrophage complexes were observed in the haemopoitic tissue. The distribution of the endocrine tissues varied from species to species. Both adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues existed as sheaths around the major veins or as diffuse masses of tissues permeated by minor sinusoidal branches of veins draining the head-kidney into the heart. The adrenocorti-cal and chromaffin tissues laid either intermingled or in seperate layers around the vessels. Little evidence was found of taxonomic-morphological correlation; each species has evolved independently in this context.
CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CERTAIN DESERT MAMMALS
OF SAUDI ARABIA 4. THE KARYOTYPE OF ALLACTAGA EUPHRATICA.
A. A. Al-Saleh end M. A. Khan, Proc. Saudi Biol. Soc., 7, 1984 (Qassim Sym 1984)
The karyotype of Allactaga euphratica collected from the SAUDI ARABIA deserts is studied. The diploid number of chromosomes (2n) of this species is found to be 48. The karyotype consists of 10 pairs of submetacentric, 11 pairs of metacentric and 2 pairs of acrocentric autosomes. The sex chromo-somes are represented by a medium sized submetacentric ،X، and small metacentric ،Y،
SHORT COMMUNICATION PRELIMINARY INVVESTIGATIONS ON THE SUITABILITY OF GROUND WATER FOR AQUACULTURE IN SAUDI ARABIA
N. A. Al-Asgah and R. M. Bedawi, Aquaculture, 36 (1984) 387-390
Elsevier science publishers B. V., Amsterdam-printed in the Netherlands
Al Asgah, N. A. and badawi, R. M., 1984. Preliminary investigations on the suitability of ground water for aquaculture in SAUDI ARABIA. Aquaculture, 36: 387-390.
Ground water sampled at five sites in the Al-Quasim region of SAUDI ARABIA was found to be suitable for the culture of tilapia nilotoca in terms of PH, alkalinity, salinity, and nitrite-nitrogen. Four of the five sites had very hard water (390-1000 mg/1). Fish growth was low and feed conversion ratios high in preliminary production trials.
TICKS (ACARI: IXODIDAE) INFESTING COMMON DOMESTIC ANIMALS IN AL-QASIM PROVINCE SAUDI ARABIA
Al-Khalifa, J. Med. Entomol. Vol. 21, no. 1: 114-115 (26January1984)
Ten camels, 10 sheep, and 10 goats were examined for ticks monthly (October 1980-september 1980) on a farm and in a town market in al-qasim province, SAUDI ARABIA sheep and goats were uninfested. Camels were hosts of 1472 Hyalomma ticks (1329 adults, 143 nymphs). The adults were 1045 H. dromedarii, 174 H. anatolicum excavatum, and 110 of 6 other species/subspecies. The nymphs were not identified to species. Most of these 8 Hyalomma species/ subspecies are known vectors of disease agents of humans and/or domestic animals. We assume that the generally low tick infestation rates in AL-QASIM may reflect recent modification of the desert environ-ment for agriculture and the paucity of small wild vertebrates that serve as hosts of immature ticks of many species.
REDESCRIPTION OF TELORCHIS GABESENSIS RUSZKOWSKI, 1926 FROM SAUDI ARABIA TORTOISES
Ahmed A. Kasim, Ind. J. Zool. Vol. 12 No. 1. (1984)
This paper reports part of a group study of the parasitic fauna of SAUDI ARABIA to our knowledge there is no information in the literature concerning infection trema-todes of tortoises in the eastern ergion of the Kingdom.
HYALOMMA SCHULZEI (THE LARGE CAMEL TICK): DISTRIBUTION IN SAUDI ARABIA
Nasser A. Al-Asgah, Hussein S. Hussein, Mohammed S. Al-Khalifa, and Fathi M. Diab, J. Med. Entomol. Vol. 22, no. 2: 230-231
Hyalomma schulzei is the most abundant tick par-asitizing camels in the arid northern frontier region of SAUDI ARABIA. The parasite, which ranges from Baluchistan province of Pakistan to the northern littoral desert of Egypt, does not occur further south in Arabia. Fewer H. dromedarii and H. impeltatum infest camels in the northern frontier region. Else-where in SAUDI ARABIA, camels are parasitized chiefly by H. dromedarii, H. impeltatum H. anatolicum anatolicum, And H. an atolicum excavatum, but H. schulzei is absent.
EFFICIIENCY OF TWO RATIONS OF FEED FOR TILAPIA NILOTICA FRY USED IN SAUDI ARABIA
N. A. Al-Sagah and R. M. Bedawi, JBSR. VOL. 15 NO 1. 1984
Chemical compositions of two rations of feed for tilapia nilotica fry were analysed and their suitability in the abence of natural food was tested. Although both the rations contained high nutria-tional values (27.0 and 36.0% protein) yet they could not meet the criteria of promoting growth of tilapia fry efficiently. Though survival is high (91 and 93%) low fish production (0.0844 and 0.0723 kg/m) and high feed conversion ratios (2.29 and 2.76) were obtained with the two ratios (27.0 and 36.0% protein). Respectively. Better results could be obtained if some natural food isadded.
ON SOME ASPECTS OF THE HISTOCHMISTRY OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL OF THE TERRAPIN, Mauremys caspica (GMELIN) (REPTILIA, TESTUDINES, EMYDIDAE)
Noory T. Taib, VOIUME 20 NUMBER 4 December 1984
The distribution and local ization of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins and nine digestive enzymes in the epithelium of the alimentary canal of mauremys caspica were studied. The histochemical reactions revealed the occurrence with variation of numerous active secretions of mucoscubstances and digestive enzymes. These findings are discussed in the context of its feeding habits.
PREVALENCE OF EIMERIA IN FAECES OF CATTLE IN SAUDI ARABIA
A. Kasim and Y. R. Al-Shawa, Veterinary parasitology, 17 (1984/85) 95-99
Kasim, A.A. and Al-Shawa, Y. R.., 1985. Prevalence of Eimeria in faeces of cattle in SAUDI ARABIA. Vet. Parasitol., 17: 95-99.
The faeces of 205 domestic cattle (Bos tautus) from 5 regions of SAUDI ARABIA were examined for the presence of coccidian parasites. The following species of Eimeria were recovered: Eimeria auburnensis, E. bovis, E. cylindrical, E. ellipsoidalis, E. sub-spherica, E. wyomingensis and E. zuerni. A total of 34.1% of the individual faecal sam-ples were positive for the presence of coccidial oocysts. Mixed infections of 2-4 species were found in 15.7% of the specimens. E. zuerni and E. bovis occurred most frequently and were generally the most predominant species. The incidence of coccidian-infected cattle was higher in the eastern region
HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE LINGUAL SALIVARY GLANDS OF THE SPINY-TAILED LIZARD UROMASTYX MICROLEPIS (BLANDFORD)
Noory T. Taib and Bashir M. Jarrar, Bull. Inst. Zool., Academia sinica 24 (2) : 203-212 (1985)
Noory T. Taib and Bashir M. Jarrar (1985) Histochemica1 studies on the lingual salivary glands of the spiny-tailed lizard uromaastyx microlepis (Blandford). Bull. Inst. Zool., Academia sinica 24 (2) : 203-212. Histochemica1 studies have demons-trated that the posterior mucous lingual glands. Are the only glandular structure in the tongue of Uromastyx microlepis. These glands are tubule-alveolar where the cells of the mucous acini show neutral mucosubstances, sialidase labile carboxylated mucins and Hyaluronidase resistant sulfomucins. The lingual secretions of this species are compared with those reported for other vertebrates and the significance of these secretions to the phylogeny and feeding habits of different vertebrate species is discussed.
SCIENTIFIC NOTE SYMBIONTS IN THE FOLLICLE CELLS OF THE BEETLE, AEPOPSIS ROBINII (LABOULBENE) (COLEOPTERA : CARABIDAE)
Mohammed S.Al-Khalifa, Int. J. Insect Morphol. & Embryol., Vo1. 14, No. 5, pp. 319 to 321, 1985
Only few studies of mircroorganisms occurring as symbionts in insect ovaries have been done (Musgrave and miller, 1958; Eberle and McLean, 1983 ; Larsson, 1983; Al-Khalifa, 1984). In the present study, the presence of numerous symbionts in various parts of the ovariole, especially the follicle cells, of the ovaries of the beetle Aepopsis robinii (Laboulbene) is reported.
STOCKS OF A. robinii were kept in the laboratory at 18ْc in jars with a moist layer of plaster of Paris at the bottom to maintain a favourable relative humidity. Female were obtained from these stocks and their ovaries dissected out in ice-cold 5% gluteraldehyde (TAAB) and processed for electron microscopy as outlined by king and Al-Khalifa (1980).
The ultrastructure of A. robinii ovary is shown in figs. 1-4. As other insects with polytrophic ovarioles, A. robinii possesses cytoplasmic interconnections between groups of cells of developing egg chambers as between these chambers end oocytes (Fig.4). the various parts of the ovarioles were found to contain large numbers of intracellular symbionts in the cytoplasm of the trophocytes, follicle cells of penultimate oocytes, and young oocytes (Figs. 1-3). Considerably large numbers of microorganisms occur in trophocytes than in any other type of ovariole cells (Fig.2).
However, the presence of such symbionts within follicle cells to be characteristic of A. robinii, as they were absent from such areas in several other insects (Byers and Wilkes, 1970; Irving-Bell, 1974; Yen, 1975; Al-Khalife, 1984). The route these symbionts might have taken to the trophocytes and follicle cells could be through the ovariole sheath, as has recently been demonstrated for symbionts in another beetle, sitophilus granaries (L.) (Al-Khalife, 1984). These microorganisms might reach the developing oocytes through the cytoplasmic interconnections between the group of cells of the developing egg chamber as the cytoplasmic contents of these cells are known to be transferred to the developing oocytes in this insect (Al-Khalifa, 1977). This transovariole method of transmission in A. robinii is very much different from the known methods of symbionts transfer in arthropods as outlined by Brooks (1963).
Acknowledgement- the author thanks Dr H. S. Hussein for reading the manuscript.
CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CERTAIN DESERT MAMMALS OF SAUDI ARABIA THE KARYOTYPE OF PARAECHINUS AETHIOPICUS
A. A. Al-Saleh and M. A. Khan, Accepted January 24, 1984
The mammalian fauna of SAUDI ARABIA is much more diverse and interesting than most realized and many new and interesting discoveries will certainly be made as it is studied. Cytogenetic surveys of the fauna, which have not been conducted so far in SAUDI ARABIA, are particularly of great importance in deciding the true systematic position of the individual animals and in evaluating the merits of these animals with reference to the desert ecosystem. Presently our paper deals with karyotype analysis of the hedgehog paraechinus aethiopicus which is of common oc-currence in SAUDI ARABIA. This study is one among the series of surveys of desert mammals of SAUDI ARABIA (Al-Saleh and Khan 1984 a, b).
Except the hedgehog Erinaceus amurensis (2n=44) the diploid number of 48 chromosomes is seen in the various species of the well known genera, Erinaceus, Hemiechinus and Aethechinus (painter 1925, Bovey 1949, gropp and geisler 1966, Gropp et al. 1966, Jordon 1966, gropp and geisler 1967, kral 1967, hsu and Benirschke 1968, Borgaonkar 1969, Gropp et al. 1969, Natarajan and Gropp 1971, Sharma et al. 1971, Gropp and Natarajan 1972, Matthey 1973 and Sharma et al. 1975). To the best of our knowledge there is only report about the karyotype of paraechinus aethiopicus from Iraq (Bhatnagar and El-Azawi 1978).
Our study of the hedgehog paraechinus aethiopicus utilized a simple banding technique to ensure proper proper pairing of homologous chromosomes and to determine the morphoiogy of the sex chromosomes.
Zoology (1986-2006)
PLAGIOPYLID, OLIGOTRICHID AND CHOREOTRICHID MARINE CILIATES FROM THE JUBAIL MARINE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, THE ARABIAN GULF, SAUDI ARABIA
Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid, Vol. 26, pp 173-180, 1999
Eight species of marina interstitial ciliates belonging to the orders Plagiopylida, Oligotrichida and Choreotrichide, in 5 genera and 5 families were found in sediment samples collected at low tide from various localities of Jubail Marine wildlife sanctuary in the Arabian Gulf during 1996-1997. Seven of these represent now records of the fauna of Arabian Gulf and Saudi Arabia.
THE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE LABIAL SALIVARY GLANDS OF THE SPINY-TAILED LIZARD Uromastyx microlepis (BLANDFORD)
Bashir M. Jarrar, Noory T. Taib, Amphibia-Reptilia 8 (1987): 59-67, E. J. Brill, Leiden
The labial salivary glands of the spiny-tailed, lizard (BLANDFORD) Were used in morph metric, histological and histochemical investigation. Both supra and infralabial glands are of the compound tubule-acinar type and are of a mixed nature containing both mucous and mucoserous cells. The mucous cells secrete and elaborate neutral mucosubstances, sialomucins and hyaluronidase resistant sulfomucins, whereas the mucoserous cells secrete cells secrete protein radicals as well. The histoenzymological tests used have detected alkaline phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase and carbonic anhydrase in these glands.
HISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE LINGUAL SALIVARY GLANDS OF THE SKINK SCINCUS MITRANUS (ANDERSON, 1871) (SCINCIDAE, REPTILIA)
Noory T. Taib, Bull. Chi. Herp. Soc. 21 (1-2) :14-22
The lingual salivary glands of Scincus mitranus consist of goblet cells lining the deeper portion of the lingual papillae of the dorsal surface of the tongue as well as simple tubular glands at the base of the tongue. Neutral mucosubstances, carboxy1ated mucins and hya1uronidase-resistant, sulfate- containing mucins occur in the secretion of these glands.
THE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE LINGUAL SALIVARY GLANDS OF THE LIZARD Acanthodacty lus schmidti (WIEGMANN) (REPTILIA, LACERTILIA, LACERTIDAE)
Noory T. Taib and Bashir M. Jarrar, Volume 22 30 JUNE 1986 Number2
The lingual salivary glands of Acanthodacty lus schmidti were invest igated histochemically and aere observed to secrete and elaborate neutral mucosubstances, sialidase 1abil carboxy1ated mucosubstances, and hya1uronidase resistant sulfomucins but no glycoproted. These results are discussed in the context of the feeding habits and phylogeny of reptlles.
TREATMENT WITH PROSTAGLANDINS REDUCES THE ANTIFERTILITY EFFECT OF INDOMETHACIN IN RABBITS
Amin A. El-Banna, Vol. 85C, No. 1, pp 21-23, 1986
1- Indomethacin (Id) treatment of rabbits at the time of implantation resulted in a significant reduction in plasma progesterone concentrations.
2- Treatment with a mixture of prostaglandins (PGs) together With Id caused a significant increase in both the number of viable embryos and in plasma progesterone concentrations when compared to the treatment with Id alone.
3- The PG mixture used in the present did not succeed in fully reversing the Id antfertility effect.
THE EFFECT OF THYROXINE ON THE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF THE OCELLATED SKINK, CHALCIDES OCELLATUS (FORSKAL)
Mohamed K. Al-Sadoon and Amin A. El-Banna Vol. 86A, No. 1, pp 189-192, 1987
1- Acutely administered thyroxine caused significant increase in the whole body rate of oxygen consumption of C. ocellatus at temperatures between 4 and 25ْ C.
2- No significant increase in the oxygen consumption was observed over the voluntary body temperature range of 30-40ْ C
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON WATER QUALITY AND AQUATIC FAUNA OF THE GIZAN RESERVOIR IN SAUDI ARABIA
N. A. Al-Asgah and R. M. Bedawi, J. Coll. Agric., King Saud Univ., Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 357-362(1408-1988)
Measurement of certain water quality parameters and collection of aquatic fauna was carried out in the Gizan reservoir of SAUDI ARABIA between October 1984 and September 1985. Variation in water quality parameters measured was minimal. Zooplankton in the reservoir were represented by crustaceans namely Copepod, Cladocera and by Rotifera. Benthic animals were also scarce and represented by Oligochaeta, Gastropoda and chironomid larvae, but their numbers increased during the summer. Garra tibanica and the exotic fish Oreochromis niloticus were the only two fish species encountered, but the latter was more numerous.
THE DISTRIBUTION, HOST RANGE AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF THE ARABIAN GOAT AND SHEEP TICK, BOOPHILUS KOHLSI (ACARI; IXODIDAE) IN SAUDI ARABIA
Hussein S. Hussein, Mohammed S. Al-Khalifa, Fathi M. Diab and Nasser A. Al-Asgah, Arab Gulf J. Scient. Res., Agric. Biol. Sci., B6 (2), pp. 275-287 (1988)
The host range, seasonal abundance and distribution of the Arabian goat and sheep tick, boophilus kohlsi were investigated in several localities throughout the kingdom of SAUDI ARABIA. The tick was found in two regions in the kingdom: along the central and southern parts of the Arabian gulf coast of the Eastern province and in the Al-sarawat mountains range in makkah province. In both region, B. kohlsi was found parasitizing goats only, on which it coexists with Rhipicephalus turanicus and sometimes with both R. turanicus and Hyalomma impeltatum. In Makkah province, the main partener of B. kohlsi on its goat hosts was Hyalomma Arabica. The infestation of goate by B. kohlsi in both regions was seasonal and occurred only during the most humid months of the year, October to March, with a peak in January and February. The tick life cycle in both regions seemed to be influenced by variations in the relative humidity and can complete one or possibly two intergrading generations per annum or three generations every two years.
HISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SUBLINGUAL SALIVARY GLANDS OF THE SPINY-TAILED LIZARD, Uromastyx microlepis
Noory T. Taib, Copeia, 1988(2),pp.308-313
The sublingual glands of the spiny-tailed lizard, Uromastyx microlapis (Bland-ford) are of mucoserous tubular acinar type whose epithelium is lined with mucous cells. The mucoserous cells secrete and elaborate neutral mucosub-stances, neuraminidase sensitive carboxy1ated mucins together with glycogen and protein radicals and few sulfomucins. Mucous cells secrete and elaborate neutral mucosubstances, sialomucins with considerable amount of hyaluroni-dase resistant sulfated mucosubstances. The mucoserous scini also contain al-kaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, non-specific esterase and aminopeptidase.
SELECTIVE FEEDING BEHAVIOUR OF THE ARABIAN FRESHWATER FISH, APHANIUS DISPAR
S. Al-Akel, M. J. K. Shamsi and H. F. Al-Kahem, Pakistan J. Zool., 19(3), pp. 211-215, 1987.
Selection of planktonic food organisms by the Arabian freshwater fish, Aphanius dispar was studied by computing the electivity indices. The fish seemed to be selective feeder and to be influenced by accessibility, abundance and taste of the food items. Mechanical and physiological adaptations of the fish to capture and digest the food organisms are the characteristics and instictive property of the fish to prefer the food organisms over the others. High electivity indices for some and low For the other genera were observed within each group of planktons.
INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN C ON THE TOXICITY OF PIF PAF (CONTAINING PERMETHRIN) TO GONADS OF MALE RATS1
M. Alhazza and S. A. Bashandy, Saudi. J. Bio. Sci., Vol. 5, No. 1 (1998)
The protective effect of antioxidant vitamin C against the commercial insecticide "Pif paf" which contain permethrin was investigated. The treatment of the rats with the formulated insecticide for six weeks, caused a significant decrease in the sperm motility and count and increase in the sperm abnormalities. However, the abnormality of the sperm head was more than that of the tail. Moreover, some pathological changes were observed in the testes of the insecticide-treated animals. These effects were significantly alleviated by vitamin C.
THE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE LINGUAL SALIVARY GLANDS OF THE ONE-HUMPED CAMEL (CAMELUS DROMEDARIUS)
Noory T. Taib and Bashir M. Jarrar, Boll. Zool. 54: 19-25 (1987)
Morphometric, histological and histochemical investigations were carried out on the labial salivary glands of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedaries). Both the supra-and infralabial glands of the camel are of the branched tubuloalveolar type and are com posed of mucoserous acini capped by serous demilunes. They secrete and process neutral mucosubstances, sialomucins, hyaluronic acid and Chondroitin sulphate A, B, C containing sulphomucins as well as protein radicals. The histoenzymological tests employed have detected alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, non-specific esterases, carbonic anhydrase and amylase, but neither aminopeptidase nor trypsin-like enzymes.
FREE-LIVING MARINE INTERSTITIAL HYPOTRICHID CILIATES FROM JUBAIL MARINE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY IN THE ARABIAN GULF
K. A. S. Al-Rasheid, Agricultural Sciences, 4 (1), 53-62 (1999)
Sediment samples were collected at low tide from various localities of the Jubail marine wildlife sanctuary in the Arabian gulf on several occasions during 1996-1997 for the study of the marine interstitial ciliate fauna of the sanctuary. Twenty three species belonging to the order hypotrichida were identified after protargol impregnation, 20 of which represent new records of the fauna of SAUDI ARABIA, and of the Arabian gulf at large. The distribution of each species is compared to those in similar habitats worldwide. The present study increases the total known number of hypotrichid ciliates species in SAUDI ARABIA to 40 species.
HAEMAPHYSALIS (HERPETOBIA) SULCATA (CANESTRINI & FANZAGO, 1878) (ACARI: IXODIDAE): DISTRIBUTION, HOSTS AND SEASONAL CHANGES IN SAUDI ARABIA
Nasser A. Al-Asgah, Fathi M. Diab and Mohammed S. Al-Khalifa, Arab Gulf J. Scient. Res., 8 (1), pp. 169-182 (1990)
Adult Haemaphysalis (Herpetobia) sulcata (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1878) parasitize goats and sheep at the Al-Sarawat mountain range of western SAUDI ARABIA, where the immature stages infest Agama lizards. The infestation of both goats and sheep by H. (H.) sulcata was seasonal and occurred only during the period from October through April, with a peak in December and January. The tick can complete one or, possibly two, intergrading generations per annum and its population seems to be affected by marked seasonal environmental changes. Haemaphysalis (H.) sulcata in the Al-Sarawat Mountains coexists with Hyalomma Arabica, Boophilus kohlsi and Rhipicephalus turanicus. Elsewhere in the Kingdom, goats and sheep are parasitized chiefly by R. turanicus, H. impeltatum , H. anatolicum anatolicum and B. kohlsi.
RECORDS OF MARINE INTERSTITIAL KARYORELICTID CILIATES FROM JUBAIL MARINE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY IN THE GULF-SHORE OF SAUDI ARABIA
Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid, Arab Gulf J. Scient. Res., 16 (3), pp. 595-610 (1998)
Sediment samples collected at low tide from various localities in the Jubail Marine Wildlife Sanctuary, the Arabian gulf, SAUDI ARABIA during 1996-1997 have revealed 22 species in 4 genera (Tracheloraphis, Kentrophoros, Avelia and Geleia) of the interstitial ciliate order Karyorelictida. Of these, 19 species are new recorde for the fauna of SAUDI ARABIA, and the Arabian gulf at large. The distribution of each species has been compared to those in similar habitats worldwide. Photographs of protargol impregnated cells, kinety numbers and brosse rows for each Tracheloraphis species are given.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF VITAMIN C AGAINST LEAD TOXICITY OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF MALE RATS
I.M. Alhazza, Arab Gulf J. Scient. Res., 17 (3), pp. 396-410 (1999)
This study assessed the significance of vitamin C in the protection against lead toxicity of the reproductive system of male rats. The treatment of rats with lead acetate (2%) for six weeks, caused a significant decrease in the sperm motility, sperm count, weight of seminal vesicles and prostate gland and serum LH. Moreover, sperm abnormalities were corrected to a large extent in the treated group. The abnormality of the sperm head was more than that of the tail. Some seminiferous tubules of the rats given lead appeared devoid of spermatozoa and with few spermatocytes. Vitamin C reduced the effects of lead on the sperm morphology and the structure of the seminiferous tubules.
AN EVALUATED STUDY FOR IN VITRO MATURATION (IVM) AND FERTILIZATION (IVF) OF CATTLE OVA IN SAUDI ARABIA
Al-Himaidi, A. R.,Al-Furaiji, M.M.1 and subh, A. M., Arab Gulf J. Scient. Res., 13 (2), pp. 421-433 (1995)
This study was conducted to explore the possibility of making use of ova collected from slaughtered cows from local abattoirs. The recovered ova was cultured in vitro in artificial media for in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF).
The ova collected was 115 from 31 ovaries, over a period of about 3 months. After maturation (IVM), 20 ova were fertilized. Of these, 45% reached the two cell stage, 20% reached the four cell stage, 15% reached the 8 cell stage and 20% reached the morula stage. These low rates of the developed embryos are comparable to many studies conducted elsewhere (30%).
The study indicated that such methods could be advantageous in getting hold of cows embryos with very little cost especially for the studies that do not require a large number of embryos.
TAMOXIFEN PREVENTS IMPLANTATION OF THE MICE EMBRYOS WITH ON SIDE EFFECT POST IMPLANTATION
Ahmed R. Alhimaidi, J. King Saud Univ., Vol. 16, Science (1), pp. 1-6, Riyadh (1424/2003)
The study was conducted to determine the effect of tamoxifen on the implantation rate and if it has any effect on the morphological changes of the embryo post implantation. Tamoxifen, in a single dose, (10mg/kg) was ingested orally to two groups of pregnant female's mice. In the first group, the ingestion was performed before implantation (day3-5 post coitus), and in the second after implantation (day 7-12 post coitus).
Non of the females of the first group get pregnant, while in the second group all of them continue their pregnancy without any effect on the mean number, body or placenta weight of the embryos. There were no observed morphological abnormalities on the embryos compared with the control groups. Also there were no significant differences in the mean body weight gain of the females from the day of treatment up to day 17 of pregnancy of both treated and control groups. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that tamoxifen prevents implantation of the embryos due to its binding to the estrogen receptors in the wall of the uterus with no side effect on the post_ implanted embryos.
SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF RHIPICEPHALUS TURANICUS (ACARI: IXODIDAE) ON SHEEP AND GOATS IN THE AL-SARAWAT MOUNTAINS OF MAKKAH PROVINCE, SAUDI ARABIA
Nasser A. Al-Asgah, Bull. Inst. Zool., Academia Sinica 29 (2); 113-120 (1990)
Nasser A. Al-Asgah (1990) Seasonal dynamics of Rhipicephalus turanicus (Acari : ixodae) on sheep and goats in the Al-Sarawat mountains of Makkah province, SAUDI ARABIA. Bull. Inst. Zool., Academia Sinica 29 (2) : 113-120. The seasonal dynamics of adults Rhipicephalus turanicus on sheep and goats, and the immature on rodents were studied in two valleys in Al-Sarawat mountain range of makkah province, SAUDI ARABIA, from December 1985 through November 1987. Adults R. turanicus were found on sheep throughout the year in both valleys with two speak in January and September. The infestation on goats showed marked seasonal variations, and the tick was found in both valleys in winter, spring and early summer (December-June).
During late summer and fall (July-November) adults were rarely found on goats. Adults of R. turanicus were found more often on sheep than on goats, while the immature stages were found on Meriones rex, Acomys dimitiatus and Gerbillus dasyurus.
MARINE INTERSTITIAL PLEUROSTOMATID CILIATES FROM JUBAIL MARINE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, THE ARABIAN GULF, SAUDI ARABIA
Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid, Arab Gulf J. Scient. Res., 17 (1), pp. 127-141 (1999)
Sediment samples were collected at low tide from various localities in the Jubail marine wildlife sanctuary of the SAUDI ARABIAN gulf shore during 1996-1997 for the study of the marine interstitial ciliate fauna of the sanctuary. Twelve species belonging to 3 genera in one family of the marine interstitial ciliates order: pleurostomatida were identified. Eight of these are new records of the fauna of the Arabian gulf and SAUDI ARABIA. The distribution of each species was compared to those in similar habitats worldwide.
STUDIES ON ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE LATERAL OVIDUCT OF THE COLEOPTERAN SITOPHILUS GRANARIUS (L.) WITH AGEING
M. S. Al-Khalifa, Cytologia 52 : 199-205, 1987
Ageing could be described as the total of time-related alterations in structure and function of the individual resulting in the decrease of its capacity to survive (Clarke and Rockstein 1964).
In insects, such changes have been investigated at the ultrastructural level in the heart muscles (Burch et al. 1970), flight muscles (Takahashi et al. 1970, Johnson and Rowely 1972, Davies 1975), the venom gland of bees (Owen and bridges 1976). The midgut cells (Davies and king 1977) and fat body (shoal 1973, Al-Khalifa 1984).
The present study investigates the ultrastrural changes associated with the ageing process on the oviduct cells of the granary weevil S. granaries.
EFFECT OF AN OXIDATIVE HAIR DYE ON THE SKIN OF DOMESTIC RABBITS
Mohammad A. M. wadan and Mohammad Mubarak, Journal of Biological sciences 5 (6): 809-812, 2005
The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of an oxidative hair dye on the skin of domestic rabbits. The hair dye was applied to the hair on the back region, scalp and ears of the exposed rabbits at weekly intervals for 6 months. Skin sensitization was noticed from week 20 post-exposure. The exposed animals were dull and manifested decreased body weight. It was concluded that the oxidative hair dyes could provoke cutaneous sensitization and therefore more attention should be paid for the health hazards which might be induced by hair dyes.
BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF DOMESTIC RABBITS EXPOSED TO AN OXIDATIVE HAIR DYE
Mohammad A. M. Wadaan, International journal of pharmacology 2 (3): 276-279, 2006
In the present study, ten adult domestic rabbits were exposed to an oxidative hair dye for 9 months at weekly intervals. The main blood chemical parameters as well as the total proteins were estimated at 1,3,5,7 and 9 months post-exposure. The exposed rabbits manifested increased serum level of alkaline phosphatase, Aspartate Transaminase (AST), amylase, cholesterol, triglyceride, billirubin, creatinine and urea. Serum level of Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), glucose and potassium were decreased as compared with control levels. At all time intervals, the plasma proteins concentration in the exposed rabbits was comparatively decreased. It is concluded that the chemical ingredients of used hair dye are capable of inducing systemic effects in the exposed animals. It is most likely that these effects are achieved after penetration of the skin barrier.
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE FEEDING OF THE FRESHWATER FISH GARRA TIBANICA TREWAVAS (CYPRINIDAE)
Nasser A. Al-Asgah, J. Biol. Sc. Res. Vol. 20 (1), 1989
Preliminary controlled feeding of Garra tibanica fry was conducted using 9 experimental diets containing three GE levels (489.5, 541. 4 and 601. 4 kcal /100 g ) at three protein percentages (20.0, 30.0 and 40.0%). Significant weight gain and maximum growth were obtained with a 30% protein diet containing low and intermediate energy levels (489.5 and 541.4 kcal/100 g) and with a 40% protein diet containing low energy level. Excessively low protein (20%) diet containing the three energy level as well as high protein (40%) diet containing the inter mediate and high energy levels significantly
(p > 0.05) reduced weight gain due to the reduction in the deily consumption of food and protein. Equal amounts of energy, however, were not consumed by fish receiving diets of different energy level and energy consumption at the 20% protein level progressively declined as available energy was reduced.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SPERM TAIL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE LIZARD stenodactylus dorie (SQUAATA, REPTILIA)
Mohammed Mubarak, Journal of Biological Sciences 6 (1): 187-192, 2006
The ultrastructural features of the sperm tail differentiation in the lizard, Stenodactylus dorie have been described. The initial event was the caudal migration of the centrioles followed by implantation of the proximal centriole in the nuclear fossa and extension of the distal centriole to form the microtubular axoneme. Thereafter, the neck region and middle, main and end tail pieces were developed. The later three tail pieces along their length encompassed the axonemal core which revealed the typical 9+2 arrangement of microtubules. The axonemal core in the middle piece was enveloped within two successive sheaths, the mitochondrial and fibrous ones while in the main piece it was only encircled by the fibrous sheath. End piece only revealed the existence of an axonemal core surrounded by plasmalemma of the fully differentiated spermatid.
TICKS (Acari: Ixodidae) PARASITIZING INDIGENOUS LIVESTOCK IN NORTHERN AND EASTERN SAUDI ARABIA 1
Fathi M. Diab, Mohammed S. Al-Khalifa,
Hussein S. Hussein and Nasser A. Al-Asgah, Arab Gulf J. Scient. Res., Agric. Biol. Sci. B5 (2), pp. 273-286 (1987)
A Survey was undertaken in northern and eastern SAUDI ARABIA to determine the tick species parasitizing indigenous livestock. Hyalomma schulzei was the most numerous species but parasitizes only camels in the northern frontier region. Hyalomma dromedarii was the most widespread species parasitizing mainly camel throughout the region, except at the far north where it has been replaced by H. schulzei. Rhipicephalus turanicus was abundant on sheep and goats and the second most abundant species. The study area proved to be one of its main regions of distribution in the Arabian peninsula. Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum was abundant on camels, sheep and goats and Hyalomma impeltatum on camels and sheep. Boophilus kohlsi is reported for the first time from dammam whilst Hyalomma anatoticum anatolicum and Hyalomma marginatum rufipes were represented by a few specimens. Animals in the arid pastoral regions carried far more ticks than those in the cultivated areas, and in all locations cattle were free of ticks. The medical and veterinary importance of collected ticks is discussed.
EFFECTS OF CERASTES cerastes gasperettii VENOM ON HEPATOCYTE MITOCHONDRIA ULTRASTRUCTURE AND BLOOD CELLS COUNT
M. K. Al-Sadoon and A. S. A. Haffor, J. Med. Sci., 5 (4): 253-259. October-December, 2005
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Cerastes cerastes venom (CCV) on hepatocyte mitochondria pathological changes and blood cell counts.
Thirty three rats were divided randomly into three groups Negative control (NC), positive control (PC) and treatment. The positive control group was injected intraperitoneally saline for 8 days whereas the experimental group was injected intraperitoneally crude CCV, at a dose of 1/4 LD 50, for the same period. All animals of the three groups were kept under normal laboratory and dietary conditions.
The hepatocyte ultrastructure examination showed mitochondria swelling associated with a reduction in the cristae and dilution of the inner and outer membranes. Frequent mitochondria rapid division was noted that led to hyperplasia. Dilatation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, hypertrophied kuffer cell associated with eosinophil infiltration and lipid accumulation were also observed. In comparison with the NC group there was a significant (p > 0.05) increase in WBC and PLT whereas RBC, Hb and HCT decreased significantly (p > 0.05) in the experimental group. As compared to the PC group all these measures were increased in the experimental group. The overall regression of Hb on RBC was significant (R2=0.85).
These results suggest that CCV contains biochemical factors that activated WBC proliferation and inhibit platelet aggregation. Long term exposure to CCV is related to hepatocyte mitochondria membrane and cristae dilutions and their subsequent deactivation of respiratory chain enzymes.
INCREASED ANTIOXIDANT AND WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNTS AND DECREASED FREE RADICAL PRODUCTION DURING MILD HEAT STRESS IN UROMASTIX EGYPTIUS
M. Al-Johany and A. S. Haffor, J. Med. Sci., 5 ( ): ×× -×× . January-March, 2005
The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mild heat stress on the activity of Biological Antioxidant potential (BAP), free radicals production (FR) and white blood cell count (WBC) in spiny tailed lizard, uromastix egyptius. The experimental group underwent mild-moderate heat stress (33-35oC) for six weeks period. In comparison with the control group FR production decreased significantly. The biological antioxidant potential, WBC and lymphocyte were significantly higher in the experimental group. The regression of BAP on WBC was significant in the experimental group. There were no significant changes in the enzymes of liver function profile in terms of AST, ALT and LDH activities. These results indicate that mild heat stress induces positive physiological responses that related to the activities of antioxidant enzymes and immune cells proliferation and differentiation.
TICKS (Acari: Ixodidae) INFESTING LOCAL DOMESTIC ANIMALS IN WESTERN AND SOUTHERN SAUDI ARABIA 1
Fathi M. Diab, Mohammed S. Al-Khalifa, Hussein S. Hussein and Nasser A. Al-Asgah, Arab Gulf J. Scient. Res., Agric. Biol. Sci. B5 (2), pp. 301-319 (1987)
A survey of local livestock in western and southern SAUDI ARABIA yielded seven indigenous and six introduced tick species and subspecies. The introduced Boophilus annulatus, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Amblyomma gemma, Amblyomma variegatum, Hyalomma truncatum and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi are well established especially in Jazan and Najran provinces and their threat to human and domestic animals, health is highlighted. Hyalomma dromedarii is the most abundant and widespread species in the area. Jazan and Najran provinces proved to be its main regions of distribution in the kingdom. This species coexists on the camel with Hyalomma impeltatum throughout the study area. The Sarawat mountain range, especially in makkah province, is the home of two relict parasites Hyalomma Arabica and Boophilus kohlsi; both chiefly infest the goat, but their postulated host is the Nubian Ibex, Capra ibex Nubiana (Cuvier). Rhipicephalus turanicus occurs in Al-Madina, makkah and Asir provinces which represent a western and southern extension of its northern and eastern range in the Arabian peninsula. Jazan province is the main area of distribution of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum in the kingdom, with cattle and sheep as the main hosts for adult ticks. Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum is mainly distributed on sheep and camels in eastern, central and northern SAUDI ARABIA.
HYALOMMA (HYALOMMINA) ARABICA, THE ARABIAN GOAT AND SHEEP TICK: DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE IN SAUDI ARABIA
Mohammed S. Al-Khalifa, Nasser A. Al-Asgah and Fathi M. Diab
Hyalomma (Hyalomma) Arabica is the most abundant tick parasitizing goats in Makkah prov, Saudi Arabia. Sheep are also infested. This parasite appears to be ecologically restricted to valleys in the Al-Sarawat Mountains in Yemen and western Saudi Arabia. Elsewhere in Saudi Arabia, goats and sheep are parasitized chiefly by Rhipicephalus turanicus, H. (Hyalomma) impeltatum, and H. (H.) anatolicum anatolicum.
STRUCTURE AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE SUBLINGUAL SALIVARY GLANDS OF THE ONE-HUMPED CAMEL (CAMELUS DROMEDARIUS)
N. A. Al-Asgah 1, B. M. Jarrar 1, N. T. Taib 1, Revue Elev. Méd. Vet. Pays trop., 1990, 43 (4) 519-527
Des études morphométriques, et histochimiques ont été conduits sur les glandes salivaires du dromadaire d, Arabie (camelus dromedaries). Les glandes sont du type acino-tubulaire, formées de nombredariux lobules comprenant deux type de cellules : mucoséreuses et séromuqueuses. Les cellules mucoséreuses constituent I' élémeent sécréteur essential de la glande ; les cellues séromuqueuses sont beaucoup plus rares et forment des associations d'acini. Les premières sécrètent et élaborent de grandes quantités de mucosubstances neutres, des mucomucines et un peu de sulphomucines. A I'inverse, seule la portion apicale des seconds révéle une activité faible ou modéréé dans la secretion de mucosubstances neuters ou acides. Les tests histoenzymatiques utilizes ont révélé une activité trés importante de la phosphatase alkaline, de la déhydrogénase succinique, de I'aminopeptidase et d'estérases non spécifiques. On a décelé une faible activité de I' oxydase cytochrome et de la péroxydase, et aucune activité de la lipase triacylglycérase, de la B-glucironidase et de I' amylase. La signification fonctionnelle de ces résultats fait I'objet d'une discussion.
HISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF MUCOSUBSTANCES AND ENZYME ACTIVITY IN THE LINGUAL SALIVARY GLANDS OF THE ONE-HUMPED CAMEL (CAMELUS DROMEDARIUS)
B. M. Jarrar 1, N. T. Taib 1, Revue Elev. Méd. Vét. Pays trop., 1989, 42 (1) 63-71
Des recherches histologiques et histochimiques ont été effectuées sur les glandes salivaires du dromadire (camelus dromedaries) afin d'en determiner les structures et la répartition, la composition chimique et les activités enzymatiques. Des glandes de weber et des glandes de von Ebner ont été trouvéés dans la langue du dromadaire, mais les glandes apicales de Nünh étaient absentes. Les glandes de von Ebner se sont révélées séromuqueuses et d' architecture tubulo-acineuse ; ells sécrètent des mucosubstances neuters, des sialomucines et un peu de sulfomucines. Les glandes de weber sont mucoséreuses et de type tubulaire ; elles sécrètent des mucosubstances neuters, des sialomuci-nes et des sulfomucines résistantes à la hyaluronidase. Ces deux types de glandes ont montré une activité enzymatique variable pour les phosphatases acides et alcalines, I' adénosine triphosphatase, les estérases non spécifiques, I' anhydrase carbonique et la déhydrogénasa succinique. Aucune activité pour la B-glucuronidase, la lipase, les cholinesterases et I' aminopeptidase n'a été détectée et seule une légère activité amylolytique pour I' a-amylase a été révélée dans les glandes de von Ebner.
Zoology (2007)
EFFECTS OF LEAD AND HYPEROXIA ON LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN RATS
A.S.A. Haffor and I.M. Alhazza. J. Med. Sci., 7 (3): 452-456. 1st April, 2007
The purpose of the present study was to examine the separate and the combined effects of lead and hyperoxia in adult rats, Ratus ratus on LDH. Thirty-two rats were assigned randomly to control (C) and three experimental groups: lead (BP), hyperoxia (HP) and Hypaeroxia-Lead (HPBP). The mean (±SEM) activity of LDH rose significantly (P>0.05) from 216.41±12.39 UL ¯1 in control group to 539.28±28, 512.78±16.09 and 465.94±55.88 in BP, HP and HPBP groups, respectively. Therefore, both the separate and the combined effects of heavy metal lead and hyperoxai involve activation of LDH to compensate for cellular changes in the cytoplasm. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that lead induces similar effects to hyperoxia exposure that causes the formation of reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which mediate changes in the cytoplasm enzymes such as LDH in rats.
PREVALENCE OF CESTODE PARASITES IN SHEEP SLAUGHTERED IN RIYADH CITY, SAUDI ARABIA
By
Saleh Abdel-Rahman Al-Qureishy
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University
P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Prevalence of tapeworm infections among sheep slaughtered in Riyadh City were studied from February 2007 to March 2008. A total of 76 out of 3300 sheep were infected with adult cestodes (2.3%). The highest infection rate was in autumn (8.1%), and the lowest one was in summer (1.7%). The cestodes were identified as Moniezia expansa (96.3%) and M. deuticulata (3.7%). Concerning seasonal dynamics of the worms, the highest number was recorded in October and Novem-ber (13.5 & 8.3%), while the lowest one was in June and July (0.7 & 1.3%). The examination of muscle samples from rump, shoulders and thigh of 1001 sheep revealed Cysticercus ovis in 120 sheep (12%). The highest infection rate (17.5%) was in autumn, and the lowest one (6.2%) was in summer.