Courses, Content and Time Tables

 

Course Contents

1. Summary of Course Contents

Bacteriology, Virology, Mycology and Parasitology.

1.1.1. Bacteria, and human diseases caused by bacteria.

1.1.2. Basic mycology and some fungal infections.

1.1.3. Human parasitic infections.

1.1. Human Viral infections. 

2 . Details of Content

2.1     Bacteriology

2.2.1. Lectures

2.2.1.1. Introduction to the course 

2.2.1.2.  Bacterial morphology

2.2.1.3. Bacterial physiology

2.2.1. Fungal structure and pathogenesis

2.2.1.5. Bacterial culture media.

2.2.1.6. Bacterial genetics

2.2.1.7. Normal flora, host parasite relationship and pathogenecity

2.2.1.8. Antibodies (General principles)

2.2.1.9. Sterilization and disinfection

2.2.1.10. Staphylococcal infections

2.2.1.11. Bhaemolytic streptococci

2.2.1.12. α haemolytic streptococci

2.2.1.13. Streptococcus pneumial α enterococci.

2.2.1.1 Mycobacterial infection

2.2.1.15. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria.

2.2.1.16. Corynebacteria and Listeria

2.2.1.17. Haemophilus and Bordetella

2.2.1.10. Antibiotics

2.2.1.20. Enteropathogens (E.coli, Yersinia)

2.2.1.12. Bacterial genetics

2.2.1.13. Rickettsial infections

2.2.1.2 Shigella, bacillary dysentery and food poisoning.

2.2.1.21. Gram negative infection (Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus)

2.2.1.22. Salmonella

2.2.1.23. Antibiotics (clinical use)

2.2.1.25. Cholera, Campylobacter, Helicobacter pylori

2.2.1.18. G.I.T. infection and food poisoning

2.2.1.26. Meningococcal infections

2.2.1.27. Gonorrhoea

2.2.1.18. Anaerobic infection I: Tetanus and gas Gangrene

2.2.1.19. Anaerobic infectionII: Non-sporing anaerobes

2.2.1.28. Spirocheales, syphilis

2.2.1.29. Chlamydial infections

2.2.1.30. Mycoplasmas

2.2.1.31. Puox brucellosis

2.2.1.31. Anthrax and plaque

2.2.1.32. Leptospirosis

 

2.2.2. Practical/ Tutorials

2.2.2.1. Bacterial Morphology, Microscopy, Staining

2.2.2.2. Culture media

2.2.2.3. Sterilization, Disinfection and antibiotics.

2.2.2. Staphylococcal α streptococci

2.2.2.5. Mycobacteria α corynebacteria.

2.2.2.6. Corynebacteria, Haemophilus and anaerobes.

2.2.2.7. Enterobacteriamia, vibrios, campylobacter

2.2.2.8. Neisseria, syphilis ana chlamydia

2.2.2.9. Respiratory tract infection

2.2.2.10. Gastroentritis.

2.2.2.11. Urogenital infection.

2.2.2.12. Sexually transmitted infection

2.3. Parasitology

2.3.1. Lectures

2.3.1.1. Introduction to Parasitology

2.3.1.2. Fascioliasis and Schistosomiasis I

2.3.1.3. Schistosomiasis II

2.3.1. Entomology

2.3.1.5. Malaria I

2.3.1.6. Malaria II

2.3.1.7. Taeniasis, Cysticercosis and Hymenolepis Nana Infection

2.3.1.8. Hydatid disease

2.3.1.9. Ascariasis and Enterobiasis

2.3.1.10. Hookworm, Trichuriasis and Strongyloidiasis

2.3.1.11. Amoebiasis and Giardiasis

2.3.1.12. Leishmaniasis

2.3.1.13. Trypanosomiasis

2.3.1.1 Onchoceriasis and Bancroftian Filariasis

2.3.1.15. Toxoplasmosis.

2.1.16. Cryptosporidiosis. 

2.3.2. Practical / Tutorials

2.3.2.1 Trematodes

2.3.2.2. Entomology I

2.3.2.3. Entomology II

2.3.2. Malaria

2.3.2.5. Cestodes

2.3.2.6. Intestinal Nematodes

2.3.2.7. Intestinal Protozoa

2.3.2.8. Tissue Nematodes

2.3.2.9. Tissue Protozoa

2.      Mycology

2.1.     Lectures

2.1.1.  Fungal structure, reproduction and pathogenicity

2.1.2. Dermatophytoses and superficial mycoses.

2.1.3.  Mycetoma, Rhinosporidiosis.

2.1.4  Zygomycosis and subcutaneous mycoses.

2.1.5. Aspergillosis, Pneumocystosis

2.1.6. Candidosis and other yeast infections.

2.1.7. Primary systemic mycoses

2.2.   Practical’s

2.2.1.   Fungal structure, Morphology, culture techniques, fungal media, fungal mounts and stains.  Representatives of molds and yeasts.

2.2.2.   Diagnosis of fungal infections in clinical specimens and in culture; Pit versicolor, Dermatophytoses, Mycetoma.

2.2.3. Diagnostic procedures for zygomycosis, Aspergillosis, candidosis, and other yeast infections.

2.5.    Virology

2.5.1.        Lectures

5.1.1.1.     Structure and classification

5.1.1.2.     Pathogenesis of viral infection

5.1.1.3.     Enteroviruses

5.1.1.       Viral infection of the upper RT.

5.1.1.5.    Viral infection of the lower RT.

5.1.1.6.    Gastroenteritis and enterically transmitted hepatitis.

5.1.1.7.    Viral infection of the skin & mucous membrane (1)

5.1.1.8.    Viral infection of the skin & mucous membrane (2)

5.1.1.9.    Mumps, EBV & CMV.

5.1.1.10.  Hepatitis B & C.

5.1.1.11.  HIV.

5.1.1.12.  Zoonotic viral diseases.

5.1.1.13.  Anti-viral drug

2.5.2  Practical’s

2.5.2.1. Structure and classification of viruses

2.5.2.2. Pathogenesis of viruses

2.5.2.3. Serological techniques in virology

 

1. Course Contents

1. General Pathology.
2. Immunopathology.
3. Systemic Pathology   

2. Details of Contents

1. Introduction to Pathology

Lectures

2.1 Definition of Pathology.

2.2 Subdivisions of Pathology. 

2.3 Characteristics of disease: Incidence, Aetiology, Pathogenesis, Morphological and Clinical Features.  

2.4 Methods used in making diagnoses: biopsies-cytology. 

2.5 Definition and role of autopsy. 

2A. Inflammation, repair and regeneration:

Lectures

2.2.1 Definition, aetiology and mainfestations of inflammation. 

2.2.2 Cells involved in inflammation and their role (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, mast cells macrophages and lymphocytes).

2.2.3 Chemical mediators of inflammation and the inflammatory response.

2.2.4 Vacular and cellular phases of inflammation – chemotaxis.

2.2.5 Types of inflammation: Acute-chronic.  Wound healing and repair. 

2.2.6 Factors inhibiting  repair – healing of bone fracture.             

2B. Inflammation, repair and regeneration

Practical & Tutorial

2.2.7  Fibrinous pericarditis.

2.2.8   Acute suppurative appendicitis. 

2.2.9   Foreign body reaction (Pilonidal sinus).

2.2.10 Granulation tissue. 

3A. Cell Injury

Lectures

2.3.1 Cellular patterns of response to stress-reversible and irreversible cell    injury.

2.3.2 Morphological reactions to persistent stress injury and ultrastructural changes caused by cell injury.

2.3.3 Disorders of intracellular storage: fat, glycogen, iron, lipofuscin, melanin.

2.3.4 Abnormal calcification, necrosis, apoptosis, and ischaemic cell injory.  Cell injury caused by oxygen radicals.

2.3.5 Distrubances of uric acid metabolism.   

2.3.6 Amyloidosis.  

3B. Cell Injury

Practical & Tutorial

2.3.7   Fatty change of the liver.

2.3.8   Amyloidosis of the liver. 

2.3.9   Amyloidosis of the kidney. 

2.3.10 Electron micrograph of amyloid fibrils.

2.3.11 Dystrophic calcification.   

4A. Hemodynamic (Circulatory) Disorders

Lectures  

2.1 Haemorrhage: definition – causes and mainfestations: haemothorax – haemopericardium, haemarthrosis, haematoma, purpura, ecchymosis and petechia.

2.2  Hyperemia (lung, liver, spleen) and oedema. 

2.3  Thrombosis, embolism and infarction.

2.4  Shock: deficition, pathogenesis and causes – pathological changes in various organs: heart, lung liver and kidney.

4B. Hemodynamic (Circulatory) disorders

Practical & Tutorial

2.5 Chronic venous congestion of the liver

2.6 Chronic venous congestion of the lung.

2.7 Organizing thrombus.

2.8  Recent myocerdial infarction.

2.9   Infarction of the kidney.

5A. Granulomatous Diseases

Lectures

2.5.1  Definition and mechanism of granuloma formation.

2.5.2  Causes of granulomatous diseases.

2.5.3  Tuberculosis (general and systemic).

2.5.4  Leprosy.

2.5.5  Sarcoidosis.

2.5.6  Schistosomiasis: life cycle of parasite and incidence.  Pathology of urinary, hepatic and intestinal schistosomiasis. 

5B. Hemodynamic (Circulatory) disorders

Practical & Tutorial

2.5.7   Chronic venous congestion of the liver. 

2.5.8   Chronic venous congestion of the lung.

2.5.9   Organizing thrombus. 

2.5.10 Recent myocardial infarction.

2.5.11 Infarction of the kidney.  

6A. Disorder of growth.

Lectures 

2.6.1 Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. 

6B. Disorder of growth

Practical & Tutorial

2.6.2  Cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium.

2.6.3  Fibrocystic changes and epithelial hyperplasia of the breast.     

7A. Neoplasia – benign tumours.            

Lectures

2.7.1 Definition of neoplasia – characteristics of benign and malignant tumours.  Epithelial and connective tissue tumours.

2.7.2 Teratoma, embryonal tumours and hamartomas. 

2.7.3 Histological diagnosis of malignancy – invasion and metastasis.   The grading and staging of cancers.  

2.7.4  Aetiology of cancer: chemical and viral carcinogenesis.

2.7.5  Human tumor oncogenes.

2.7.6  Tumours suppressor genes (The Retinoblastoma (RB) gene and the P53 gene) and apoptosis.

2.7.7 The systemic effects of cancer on the host – Diagnosis of cancer and tumours markers.    

7B. Neoplasia - benign tumours

Practical & Tutorial

2.7.8   Intradermal naevus.